Abstract：Although vaccines are available for SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs such as nirmatrelvir are still needed, particularly for individuals in whom vaccines are less effective, such as the immunocompromised, to prevent severe COVID-19.

Abstract：Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) interact with pathogen-derived polygalacturonases to inhibit their virulence-associated plant cell wall–degrading activity but stimulate immunity-inducing oligogalacturonide production.

Editor’s summary ：Gasdermins are proteins that mediate immune defense by triggering a type of cell death called pyroptosis. Gasdermins are usually activated by proteolytic cleavage that releases the active, membrane-perforating part of the protein.

Summary：In addition to long-distance molecular motor-mediated transport, cellular vesicles also need to be moved at short distances with defined directions to meet functional needs in subcellular compartments but with unknown mechanisms.

Abstract：A new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the aetiological agent responsible for the 2019–2020 viral pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1,2,3,4.

Summary：The currently circulating Omicron sub-variants are the SARS-CoV-2 strains with the highest number of known mutations. Herein, we found that human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) binding affinity to the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the four early Omicron sub-variants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) follows the order BA.1.1 > BA.2 > BA.3 ≈ BA.1.

Abstract:A protein backbone structure is designable if a substantial number of amino acid sequences exist that autonomously fold into it1,2. It has been suggested that the designability of backbones is governed mainly by side chain-independent or side chain type-insensitive molecular interactions3,4,5, indicating an approach for designing new backbones (ready for amino acid selection) based on continuous sampling and optimization of the backbone-centred energy surface. However, a sufficiently comprehensive and precise energy function has yet to be established for this purpose.

Abstract：Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that uses several strategies to interfere with the signalling functions of host immune molecules.