BL19U1

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Beamline introduction
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The BL19U1 protein complex crystallorgraphy beamline has the advantages of high luminous flux and low beam divergence. The U20 unshaker is used as the beamline light source with the working energy of 7-15KeV, covering the conventional heavy atom absorption edge, and has high flux and brightness near the commonly used energy of 12keV. Diffraction experiments using X-ray beams with good collimation can reduce the diffraction point broadening caused by the incompleteness of protein crystals, significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of diffraction experimental data, and thus improve the resolution of structure determination, especially for the crystals of biomacromolecular complexes. The beam divergence Angle of BL19U1 can reach to 0.1 mrad, which can determine not only the crystal structure of conventional proteins, but also the structure of macromolecular complexes with large cell size. The available experimental methods for crystal structure determination include multi-wavelength anomalous scattering (MAD), single-wavelength anomalous scattering (SAD), molecular replacement (MR), isomorphous replacement (MIR), etc.
Scientific Scope
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Biological macromolecule crystal structure determination:
Multi-wavelength anomalous scattering (MAD), single-wavelength anomalous Scattering (SAD), Molecular replacement (MR), isomorphous replacement (MIR)
Automated drug lead compound screening
Beamline Layout
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The optical layout of the Beamline is illustrated in the following figure
 Figure 1 The Optical Layout of BL19U1 Beamline
Beamline specification
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►Photon energy range(keV)：7~15
►Energy resolution(DE/E)：≤ 2×10-4
►Focused beam size(H×V) (µm2)：≤120×80
►Flux at sample(phs/s@12keV@300 mA)：≥1.5×1012 (@12keV) 
►Focused beam divergence(H×V) (mrad2)： ≤0.1×0.1
Endstations
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The experimental station is equipped with MD2S diffractometer, Pilatus3 X 6M detector and ACTOR mechanical hand sample system, which can collect the diffraction data of biological macromolecules efficiently and quickly. The MD2S diffractometer is highly integrated in technology, and the coaxial microscope can magnification the sample by 10.0 times, so that the tiny crystal can be easily observed and centered under the microscope, and the Sphere of Confusion (SOC) can reach 1.3micron. The Dewar of the Rigaku Actor sampling manipulator can accommodate 5 sample devices, and each sample device can accommodate 16 samples. Users can conduct continuous data collection of 80 samples after one sample loading, which can meet the needs of daily experiments. The Pilatus3 6M is a high-speed large surface detector with a sampling rate of up to 100 frames per second to meet the requirements of sampling speed and high-resolution data acquisition.
Data Acquisition and Analysis
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The recent integration of the MXCUBE3 system at BL19U1 further emphasizes its growing presence. The intricate communication dynamics between MXCUBE3 and hardware control software, illustrated in Figure 4, exemplify the system’s versatility. MXCUBE3 goes beyond conventional crystallography systems by supporting remote access via the internet. This feature empowers users to collect data conveniently through a website interface. Additionally, the system streamlines data collection by offering a pre-importing feature for sample information, eliminating the need for users to enter details redundantly during experimentation. This not only saves time but also minimizes the potential for operational errors. In the pursuit of enhancing the visualization of diffraction data, MXCUBE3 employs Braggy to observe diffraction patterns. Braggy, akin to adxv and albula in function, stands out for its web-based viewing support, allowing researchers to access and share their diffraction data through a website. This functionality significantly improves research convenience and efficiency. For real-time diffraction pattern display, EPICS is directly utilized to read the file path information collected by the detector and pass it to Braggy, creating a seamless and dynamic integration with the crystallography workflow. MXCUBE3, with its sophisticated features and integrative capabilities, continues to be a driving force in advancing crystallographic research methodologies.
In the pursuit of providing users with a streamlined method for promptly assessing the quality of diffraction data, formulating subsequent collection strategies, and eliminating the need for manual data processing, we have implemented an automatic data processing pipeline. This integrated pipeline integrates three state-of-the-art diffraction data processing software tools: autoProc, Xia2-XDS, and Xia2-Dials The primary objective of this pipeline is to offer users timely and automated processing results. For users who may prefer or need to manually process diffraction data, our system also accommodates their preferences. We offer the HKL3000 and AUTOPX software tools, providing users with convenient and swift options for manually processing data 
Automated data processing