The lithium metal cells with high energy density (> 500 Wh kg−1) are regarded as the main technology route of the next generation of high-performance cells. The development of practical lithium metal cells is plagued by their limited lifespan, primarily due to the poor interfacial stability of the electrolytes. The researchers (from USTC, Peking Univ., Institute of Physics CAS & Soochow Univ.) present a compact ion-pair aggregate (CIPA) electrolyte that enables high-performance Li metal pouch cells under lean electrolyte conditions. The electrolyte features a unique nanometre-scale solvation structure in which ion pairs are densely packed to form large CIPAs, in contrast to conventional electrolytes that comprise small aggregates. A 505.9 Wh kg−1 Li metal pouch cell with a high-nickel-content cathode exhibited a 91% energy retention after 130 cycles. High-energy X-ray scattering and pair distribution function method were conducted to further investigate the short-range structure in the electrolytes.
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