The ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy endstation is equipped with a grating-based X-ray spectrometer with a cross-bar optical design to resolve the x-ray energies and the time-delays at the same time. The optical pumping laser is irradiating normally on to the sample surface while the probing XFEL pulses incidental to the sample surface with a grazing angle of 2 degree. This cross-bar optical design encodes the time-delay between the two pulses onto the sample surface, which is imaged on to the detector. The Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy for Chemistry system can be used to study the ultrafast processes including chemical reaction kinetics, energy/charge-transfer process.

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS)

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system consists of a Cr-targeted X-ray source (off-line light source), an in-situ analysis chamber, and a HiPP-2 electron energy analyzer. APXPS system realizes in-situ probing of liquid/solid interface, including the in-situ probing of electrochemical processes under working conditions, and obtains information on the chemical composition, electronic structure, and the potential environment of the electrodes, the electrolyte, and their interface. It helps understand the dynamic changes and relationship between the electrode-electrolyte materials under non-equilibrium conditions and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of electrochemical systems at the atomic scale, especially the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of the interface region (electrochemical double-layer) between the electrode and the electrolyte. It can be widely applied to catalytic, energy and materials research.